When a child struggles to follow instructions, confuses words that have very similar sounds, or seems distracted in noisy places, parents may question if hearing loss is the problem. But in some situations, the problem may not be with the ears at all: It could be a disorder called auditory processing disorder (APD).
Even though hearing loss and Auditory Processing Disorder (APD) frequently present with similar signs, they are distinct conditions that necessitate unique analyses and treatments. Below, we’ll analyze the main differences to help you support your child’s unique requirements.
What is Hearing Loss?
Hearing loss describes a decreased ability to sense sound, often a result of issues in the outer, middle, or inner ear.
Three primary classifications:
- Conductive hearing loss: Occurs due to obstructions or injury in the outer or middle ear, including ear infections or accumulation of earwax
- Sensorineural hearing loss: Involves damage to the inner ear or the auditory nerve, often caused by aging, noise exposure, or genetics
- Combination hearing loss: A mix of both outer/middle ear and inner ear problems
Physicians typically make a diagnosis through standard hearing assessments like audiograms, otoacoustic emissions, or auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing. If a child suffers from hearing loss, the issue lies in their ability to sense sound to begin with.
What Is Auditory Processing Disorder?
In contrast, APD is not associated with hearing problems, but instead a neurological problem that affects the brain’s ability to process and comprehend auditory information. Children with Auditory Processing Disorder might have normal hearing, but they struggle to interpret and comprehend the sounds they hear.
It’s often described as “hearing but not understanding.”
Some common challenges include:
- Difficulty understanding and executing verbal instructions involving numerous steps
- Struggling to differentiate between similar sounds or words
- Having difficulty focusing in loud settings (such as schools or busy eateries)
- Having trouble understanding humor, irony, or expressions that aren’t meant to be taken literally
A basic hearing test might reveal no issues because the ears are functioning normally. But that doesn’t mean all is working as it should. In Auditory Processing Disorder, the problem occurs not with hearing the sound itself, but instead with how the brain translates and processes the sound after it has been detected.
How Testing and Diagnosis Differ
In order to diagnose hearing loss, audiologists use conventional hearing tests that assess sound detection. Diagnosing APD, however, requires specialized testing that goes beyond detecting sound.
Evaluations frequently involve a multidisciplinary team, including:
- An audiologist to assess auditory processing capabilities
- A specialist in speech and language to assess understanding and expression skills
- A psychologist should be consulted to identify any underlying attention or learning conditions that may imitate the symptoms of Auditory Processing Disorder (APD)
Treatment and Support Options
Treatment options for children with hearing loss diagnosis:
- Hearing aids
- Cochlear implants
- Assistive listening devices
- Medical or surgical interventions
Assistance for Children with APD Diagnosis Usually Includes:
- Speech-language therapy
- Classroom accommodations (e.g., seating changes, written directions)
- Environmental modifications to reduce background noise
- Auditory processing therapy
APD vs. Hearing Loss: Final Thoughts
It’s essential to distinguish between hearing loss and auditory processing disorder in order to provide your child with the most reliable assistance and accommodations. If your child appears to have trouble with listening in spite of having a normal hearing test, continue to explore further. The real issue may only be pinpointed by more in-depth assessments. With the correct diagnosis and individualized treatment plan, kids with either condition can thrive in the classroom, at home, and beyond.
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Sources:.
About Hearing Loss in Children|Hearing Loss in Children|CDC.
Auditory processing disorder (APD)– Symptoms and causes– Mayo Clinic.
Auditory Processing Disorder vs. Hearing Loss: Key Differences.
Understanding the Differences: Auditory Processing Disorder vs. Hearing Loss|Hearing.
Associates of Las Vegas.
Auditory Processing Disorder (for Parents)|Nemours KidsHealth.